Thee Learning Hub

There are many youngsters that are willing to study in colleges and universities but cannot actually do so simply because the lack of money. Water is the important source for human; he can live only if he drinks more. In the same way, the dollar is exactly equivalent to the water. Personally, I would say, the dollars stands one-step forward in comparing with need of water. We feel like heaven if we have dollars to pay in the important situation. It is possible for us to apply for Payday loans from any bank institutions. It will take around 24 hours for you to receive money from the bank institutions. If you have no enough time to wait for receiving money, then there is bank credit card for you. This bank credit card is the best way for you to get payday advance. Every credit card having own money limits. The bank will issue credit cards for you only if you have proper account with them. The qualities of credit cards will vary depend upon your income and your account transactions. However, verify the charges for a credit card before using it. With cash advance, you can concentrate on your own study and then slowly pay the loan back when you work after graduation. Hence, dreanms can come true.

Good education is very essential like other basic needs of a man. At each stage of life a man needs to learn some social aspects and to involve in personality development events. College and schools are the place we usually get trainings to improve our academic skills and interpersonal skills. After the completion of school, the only aim of students is to attain college degrees. Degree is considered to be award given by university, college or any authorized educational institution. Different types of degrees are in practice since from so many decades. They are Associate’s degrees, Bachelor’s degrees, Master’s degree and Doctorate degree. Its like ladder, a student climb each step one after other. Good education makes a person an eligible citizen to the nation. Without degree it’s difficult to get placement in any company or organization. It is responsible of parents or guardian to provide proper guidelines for the student for successful career.

It has been long since I posted on this blog. In between, there have been lots of activities on my professional front though all of them been just local in nature. I was also going through an introspection about the direction of my education blog  - whether to make it student oriented or teacher oriented. Finally, I have come to the conclusion that I can share my experiences of teaching much more than my experiences with my students because teaching students from a particular background is totally different from other experiences and I sincerely believe I my teaching experience is totally unique considering theenvironmetn I have to teach. So my experience will serve to the teaching experience more than the student community.

One of the most important suggestions for promotion of learning is to develop reading habits among children. Habits are more or less routine ways of acting. They are considered as second nature. Our happiness depends on developing good habits. Habits also motivate our behavior. However at the initial stage we have to learn them.
Habits of reading are and economic way of adjusting to routine requirements of daily reading. They help the child in mastering the content of learning. Hence efforts should be made to develop reading habits of children after due planning.

Steps for Developing Reading Habits

1. The child should start reading easy books first and difficult later on.
2. The child should start regular practice everyday for short period.
3. The child should rapidly read the content material as he will read a Rapid Reader. A slow reading will not serve the purpose.
4. Fix up the target of time and content and then start reading. Try to grasp the sense and do not stick to difficult words.
5. The child may mark out the way new words and try to have a mental picture about them. He will gradually improve his vocabulary.
6. The eyes of the child should move more quickly on the lines of the content material. Eyes should not be allowed to go back after a sentence or a line is read.
7. The eyes should take the net line of the content as soon as one has been read.
8. The subject-matter should be read silently without any movement of lips.
9. A record of progress should be maintained. This will enable the child to asses his achievements and plan for the future as well.

The culture of a society has its inevitable impact on educational system. The educational system points to the various needs of the society concerned, because it is towards fulfillment of the same that education is organized. If the culture of the society is chiefly materialistic, the education system there is based on competition and efforts of the individual there, is directed towards the achievement of material goals, and not towards spiritual or aesthetic ones. If individualism is at the top in a culture, the educational system of the society too becomes colored by individualism.

Whatever we learn through education is immensely influenced by culture. Barlett says that social traditions influence ways of thinking, remembering, imagining and doing creative things. Whatever is considered as the most important aspect of culture, and accepting of which is likely to increase one’s prestige is learnt by an individual and he tries to forget other commonplace items. Thus culture not only goads him to learn certain things, but it also inspires him to retain certain things in the mind and forget others.

The educational system of a place is of a very ordinary standard, if its culture is not well developed, because then in the learning process very ordinary interactions are possible. In such a system formal education is very inadequate, because the purpose of education becomes generally limited to learning of very ordinary things pertaining to social life. In other words, the main purpose of life, then, becomes limited to protections of one’s society, carving out a living, safeguarding against evil designs of neighbors and other enemies and worshiping the accepted gods and goddesses. Formal education is not necessary for learning all these, because these things may be learnt through one’s own experiences. But when the culture becomes complex, then it is necessary to transmit the various elements of culture from one generation to another. For this, development of a specialized education is considered as a necessity. This specialized educational system is termed as ’school’.

The school life is sure to be influenced by the emotional attitudes of pupils either positively or negatively. So side by side with the recognition of individual differences, a teacher must be aware of the emotional aspects of the child’s life. A child’s emotional life is just as important as his intellectual or physical life. Unfortunately, parents and teachers have been relatively slow to accept this. Most of the people responsible for the growth of children are still ignorant of this vital factor.
The importance of the emotional life of the child in his education has been duly recognized by certain groups of modern educators. Its evidence comes from four principal sources. Firstly, we find it from the Progressive Schools. They attach due importance to the emotional life of children and are against giving any kind of harmful school punishment of the older type. These schools produce pupils whose adjustment and happiness are distinctly marked. Secondly, we find it from schools which through arts, handicrafts, drama, music etc. give full scope to pupils for free emotional expressions. Consequently, the pupils acquire emotional, mental and motor control with corresponding social poise. Thirdly, we find it from schools where the needs of the pupils are always given the first importance. The teacher-pupil relationship is based on understanding of these needs. Everywhere in the school, there is a natural sympathetic attitude towards capabilities and difficulties. Fourthly, in the fields of backwardness, juvenile delinquency and maladjustment, several valuable investigations have been made. These investigations acquaint us with the deep and potent influence which negative emotional states exert- as evidenced in progress, cure and readjustment. studies of children and adolescents and various kinds of researches in this connection betray the intimate relation between intellectual, physical and emotional aspects of life. Today we are aware that much of the illness, scholastic failure, unhappiness and difficult behavior in children is the direct outcome of emotional frustration. The teacher cannot foresee all this unless he has a deep psychological understanding.
According to psychological findings, emotional calm is a necessary condition for the proper functioning of intellectual power whether in children or in adults. The sense of success and achievement creates balanced personalities. It is in the favorable emotional incentives of interest and success that we can concentrate and apply our powers to the best advantage. Even the dullest child may be immensely benefited by encouragement, praise, individual help and sympathetic consideration of difficulties. Failure, fear, frustration, harsh criticism, sarcasm, punishment, and unhealthy competition will never create the sense of independence and self-control in children which we must endeavor to promote. Hence, all the teachers must be trained in the principles of mental hygiene of child and adult. Free psychiatric advice and treatment should be available for all the teachers both in training and actual practice. Hence the knowledge of psychology is very necessary for a teacher.

The success of educational efforts much depends upon the personal relationship between the teacher and the pupil. This point should not be neglected either by the practical teacher or the education theorist. The teacher is prone to the influence of parental complexities, because for the pupil, he is the psychological situation of the father or mother. The teacher is in a position of authority which may provide a favorable opportunity for the gratification of such powerful impulses as self-esteem, self love, pleasure in inflicting pain. These impulses work in such a disguised form that consciousness cannot easily recognize their true nature. The pupils, too, can resort to narcissism and exhibitionism if the teacher is not able to handle them in a psychological manner. All this requires that the teacher must be able to understand his own psyche so that he may take due precautions against his special tendencies and complexes. He should also be able to get into contact with the pupil’s psychic life. The teacher can be tolerably free of complexes.  if he has at least achieved a fairly satisfactory fulfillment of his own conscious and unconscious desires. If the teacher possesses some complex, he may use a situation for his own personal gratification, thus foiling the very purpose of his work. If the teacher has not properly understood the relation between emotional and intellectual processes, he is sure to stultify and neutralize educational results. Thus a knowledge of psychoanalysis is indispensable to the teacher.

Naturalism in education is closely connected with psychoanalysis. “The teaching of Freud was a Godsend to the post-war apostles of naturalism, both in educational sphere and outside of it; it was believed to have proved the soundness of their case for untrammeled self-expression and for entire freedom from restraint.” Psychoanalysis emphasizes that the natural growth of the child should not be explored in any way and that the natural growth of the child should not be explored in any way and that the unconscious should be explored in order to understand the cause of neuroses so that suitable steps may be taken. It is because of psychoanalysis that a healthy attitude has grown towards ’sex’ and ‘authority’. Corporal punishment and authoritarian methods are now shunned. Dangers of undue prudery have now been laid bare with the evil consequences of ‘any bottling’ up of the child’s energies. Psychoanalysis has rendered valuable service in helping us towards the understanding and treatment of delinquency in childhood and adolescence. 

Statistics is a science dealing with numerical facts, collected systematically with a definite aim or purpose of interpretation and study. It is a branch of mathematics which evaluates numeric data. Talking in numbers always carries conviction. Telling the child’s mental age (MA) or calculating his IQ is a modern device and with the help of this figure we measure and denote the child’s mental ability. Talking in numbers or numerical terms gives a plain man a clear notion of things. The main business of statistics is to provide us with the greatest possible information about everyday facts in the briefest possible manner. Standardized tests would not have been possible without the tool of mathematics for finding out relationship between scores in the test with some other previously known scores or judgments. Standardization of the test material and its results would not have been possible without the help of mathematics. Validity and reliability of test could be fixed only with the help of different mathematical or statistical formulae. The mathematical method of factor-analysis of intelligence is a very well known device.

The chief concern of the teacher is with the general ability of the class, and the special abilities of the individuals, as well as the inter-relationship of these abilities. The teacher is sometimes interested in comparing one group of facts with another. Thus a teacher is called upon to deal with the masses of quantitative data collected from the scores in standardized tests and ordinary examinations and from other school records. All these data need organization, condensation and analysis; otherwise, they would yield nothing specific. It is thus clear that mental test is of little significance to the teacher unless it employs mathematical devices. Statistical methods are “especially adapted to the elucidation of quantitative data affected by a multiplicity of causes”. Statistics gives us a technique to obtain, condense, analyze and relate numerical data. Statistical methods are of a supreme value in education and psychology.

English is the most widely spoken language in the world. It is the mother-tongue of more than 320 million people and another 200 million use it as their second language. Until recently it was believed that Chinese, which was supposed to be the mother- tongue of over 700 million people, had the largest number of speakers in the world. But now it has come to light that ‘Chinese’ consists of a number of mutually unintelligible dialects and Mandarin Chinese, the official language and most widely spoken variety, can claim no more than about 400 million speakers. English therefore occupies the unique position of being the language used by the largest number of people in the world. But the more significant aspect of English is its distribution. While Chinese is confined only to the Chinese sub-continent, English is spread throughout the globe. Apart from being the native or first language in countries as widely apart as the United Kingdom, the United States of America, Australia, Canada, New Zealand and South Africa, English is an important second language almost everywhere in the world. Even in India it is not only a popular second language, but also the mother-tongue of a small Indian community, the Anglo-Indians. According to the 1971 census nearly two hundred thousand Indians use English as their mother-tongue. Besides quite a few Indian States like Nagaland, Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram and Sikkim have adopted English as the official language. Mr. M. C. Chagla, when he was the Chief Justice of the Bombay High Court, once ruled that English was an Indian language, and the Supreme Court had upheld the judgment. The Sahitya Academy of India recognizes English as one of the Indian languages; and Jawaharlal Nehru even wanted to include it in the Eight Schedule of the Constitution, thus giving it statutory recognition as an Indian language.

Creativity is a blessing from nature but we can develop it by careful planning through education. It is necessary that parents and teachers provide healthy conditions at home and in the school. This would enable children to express themselves and contribute something new for the society, which may be termed as creativity.

Freedom to Respond: Children generally respond to teachers in a usual and routine manner. Parents and teachers should encourage children to respond in their own way. They may be allowed to say what they would like to say. This would lead to creativity. If there is problem in the class, let every child respond in his own way. The teacher should keep in view that every child has a contribution to make. Allow them to think in various directions and express their creativity.creative-children.jpg
# Satisfy the “Ego” of the Child: All of us have a “self ego”. We want to be recognized by others. This ‘ego’ is all the more stronger at the childhood stage. We as parents and teachers should try to provide opportunities to satisfy it.
# Encourage Original Ideas: If we find that a child achieved his original ideas about a particular aspect of life, we should encourage it. Constant submission to facts suppresses the originality of the child. It has been correctly said ‘Uniformity is the enemy of originality”.
# Remove Hesitation and Fear: Most of the times children are kept under strict control. They fear their parents and are afraid of speaking their mind. This kills the initiative of the child. Originality is only possible when we give enough freedom to children to express their own views.
# Provide Suitable Atmosphere: The watchwords for the provision of this type of atmosphere are: Sympathy, liberty and proper provision of co-curricular activities in the school.
# Developing Special Habits: Children require special habits to be creative. These habits are hard work, persistent effort, self-reliance, and self confidence.
# Let the Children Meet Creativity: Every community has centers where creativity can be seen easily. We may organize excursions to centers of art, art galleries, museums and places of artistic excellence. Thus they will come in contact with creativity and get inspiration to create something new.
# Avoid the Stumbling Blocks to Creativity: Certain factors like conservative outlooks, an unsympathetic attitude towards children, fixed and rigid habits of work, unnecessary anxiety, over emphasis over school work, authoritarian attitude of the teacher, etc. are some of the stumbling blocks in the path of creativity. We should try to avoid these stumbling blocks as far as possible.
# Reorganize the Curriculum: Certain principles should be kept in view while reorganizing the curriculum-

1. The curriculum should be child-centered.
2. The curriculum should highlight ideal concepts than facts.
3. It should highlight that children have the capacity to find out truth and discover things.
4. It should reduce the importance of annual examination.
5. It should allow the child to do something in the academic field freely without the fear of examination.